Public Sector Pension Changes

 

New Single Service Pensions Scheme

The Public Service Pensions (Single Scheme and Other Provisions) Act 2012 was enacted in July 2012. It will facilitate the introduction of a new Single Pension Scheme for all new entrants to the public service.  This includes the civil service, education sector, health sector, local authorities, Gardai, Defence Forces, regulatory sector and non-commercial semi state bodies. It also includes Oireachtas members and the Judiciary.

Service-based accrual of pension will be discontinued. Instead, members accumulate money amounts towards their pensions – this will be a theoretical sum calculated annually as a fixed percentage of pay and up-rated each year by reference to the CPI. These amounts will accumulate over the span of a career to produce the pension on retirement.

 

Key Feature of New Schemes:

·         The minimum public service pension age has been raised. This is being increased initially to 66 to bring it into line with the social welfare state pension age and it will then rise on a phased basis to 67 and 68.

 

·         The maximum retirement age of the scheme is set at 70, although the Government has power to vary this by order.

·         For new entrants the calculation of pensions is on the basis of “career average” earnings – this is a change from the current position where the pension is based on “final salary”. The commencement of this provision requires a Ministerial Order.

·         The overall rate of pension contributions from staff is altered – for many the contributions will remain broadly as applies at present (approximately 6.5%), but will be higher for certain occupations.

·         The scheme modifies the earnings-linking of pensions – the new scheme provides for post-retirement pension increases to be linked to consumer prices not pay.

·         The scheme reduces, but does not eliminate, fast accrual terms – these generally apply to emergency services groups such as the Gardai, members of the Permanent Defences Force and Firefighters (as well as office-holders, the Judiciary and Oireachtas members). The uniformed services will retain their early retirement age which reflects operational needs.

·         For the President, Oireachtas members, the Judiciary and the Attorney General and others who earn accelerated pension benefits at present, the new scheme acknowledges their special circumstances by providing for a doubled rate of accrual together with a doubled rate of contribution (13%) for all new entrants to these offices. It is proposed that the President continues to receive a pension on retirement from the office. Anyone who is or was an Oireachtas member prior to the enactment of the Act retains those benefits and scheme membership if there is a break in their Oireachtas tenure.

Given the current moratorium on recruitment on the public sector, it will be some time before the above changes kick in. However, there is plenty to consider when advising the next generation of public sector workers in years to come.

 

Paul Gilmer

www.independent-trustee.com/consulting

I'm an Advisor, get me out of here!

 Clients need financial planning now more than ever and Independent financial advisors are still best placed to assist clients with fulfilling their financial objectives

 

Despite this we are starting to see an increase in advisors leaving the market. There are undoubtedly many reasons for this such as mergers, retirements and unfortunately business failures, however when we looked at the Central Banks Annual report published in April we were surprised at number of revocations in 2012 versus the number of new authorisations.

2012

No of Retail Intermediaries( including authorised advisors, multi-agency intermediaries, mortgage intermediaries)	3238
No of Retail Intermediaries- Authorisations	253
No of Retail Intermediaries Revocations	797

The report also highlighted that of the 797 revoked licences, 191 related to tied insurance intermediaries.  

 

At the start of this year there were  1: 1389  advisors per head of ROI population. Interestingly when you compare this to the UK market and CF30 Authorised Advisors the figure is 1:2265. Despite this figure over 1100 UK advisors left the market in the last 18 months,  RDR has been cited as the biggest influencing factor.

 

The US is seeing a similar trend in that the advice market is contracting at -2.3% per annum.

 

Unfortunately we don’t have a crystal ball but It’s reasonable to project that numbers in Ireland will continue to contract particularly if we adopt a version of the UKs regulatory framework.  It is also reasonable to predict that those  those who opt to stay in the market will have to adapt to a changing industry but the question id like to pose to the readers of our blog is .. “ Do you think that the Irish public will benefit from less advice in the market?”

Michael Keyes

Independent Trustee Company

Aidan Mcloughlin on RTE’s Morning Edition discussing the impact of the recent European Court of Justice pension ruling

The court found that under EU law the State had an obligation to protect the pension entitlements of workers in the event of a company becoming insolvent.

To view the interview on RTE One's Morning Edition, on the 26th April 2013 please click here.

Minister for Social Protection Joan Burton T.D Launches the OECD Review of the Irish Pension

Today the Minister for Social Protection Joan Burton T.D. launched the OECD Review of the Irish Pension system.

Review’s Main Findings and Policy Recommendations:

• Ireland is facing challenges on the financial sustainability of the pension system as the population ages; despite large projected increases in expenditure over the next 50 years, however, Ireland's pension spending will still be comparatively low in international comparison.


• The economic situation of pensioners in Ireland is comparatively good, both with respect to other age groups in the population and in international comparison.


• Ireland and New Zealand are the only OECD countries which do not have a mandatory earnings-related pillar to complement the State pension at basic level; as a result, Ireland, like New Zealand, faces the challenge of filling the retirement savings gap to reach adequate levels of pension replacement rates to ward off pensioner poverty.


• Private pension coverage, both in occupational and personal pensions, is uneven and needs to be increased urgently.


• Pension charges by the Irish pension industry on large occupational Defined Contribution (DC) plans are not too high when assessed on an international context; they are however rather expensive for small occupational schemes and personal pension schemes.


• The existing tax deferral structure in Ireland provides higher incentives to save for retirement to high incomes as the incentives work through the marginal tax rates.


• The Irish legislation regarding the protection of Defined Benefit (DB) plan members is weak. For example, the guarantee schemes in Ireland (Insolvency Payment Scheme and the Pensions Insolvency Payments Scheme) provide partial protection to DB plan members' benefits in case of sponsor insolvency. In addition, the legislation allows any sponsor to walk away from DB pension plans, shutting them down, without creating a high priority debt on the employer. Moreover, the priority currently given to pensioners before other members if a scheme winds up creates large inequalities across members. This outcome is particularly harsh for those close to retirement.


• There is unequal treatment of public and private sector workers due to the prevalence of DB plans in the public sector and DC plans in the private sector


• The State pension system lacks transparency, both with respect to the calculation of benefit entitlements and to the interplay of the contributory and non-contributory pensions.


• The link between contributions and benefits in the Irish State pension scheme is very weak, for reasons spelt out in the report, contrary to what people‘s perceptions of this link may be.


• The State pension scheme could be modernised to encourage working longer in line with the prevailing international trend.


• The new scheme for public servants is being phased in only very slowly and is unlikely to affect a majority of public sector workers for a long time.

Parametric changes in the State pension system

• Within the existing State pension system, Ireland could consider a number of parametric reforms which would improve the financial sustainability of the pension system in the future.


• The long-term retirement age, which at 68 is relatively high in international comparison, could be linked to life expectancy after 2028 in order to ensure that improvements in life expectancy do not significantly extend the duration of retirement.


• To provide incentives for workers to remain in the labour market longer and on the other hand provide more flexibility in making the retirement decision, increments and decrements of the State pension could be introduced for early and late retirement.


• More flexibility could also be provided in allowing retirees to combine work income and pension receipt; this could also ensure better adequacy of retirement income.


• Looking ahead, the adjustment of pensions – which have been frozen in recent years - also needs to be considered as this has a large impact on the evolution of pensions in payment; various options of combining indexation to wage growth and price inflation could be considered.

 

Structural reform of the State pension system

• Given the complex structure and the inequities resulting from the benefit calculation method in the public pension scheme and the interplay between the contributory pension, the non-contributory pension and other means-tested elements of retirement income provision, Ireland should consider a structural change of the State pension scheme.


• At a minimum, the current inequities in the treatment of workers‘ contributions to the system should be removed and all contributions made should be honoured in the calculation of the pension benefit, as foreseen in the current plans to adopt a total contributions approach from 2020 onward.


• The best two options out of the three described in the report, for a structural reform of the State pension scheme are: a universal basic pension or a means-tested basic pension. Both of these options would have the advantage, compared with the existing scheme, of introducing a much simpler, more transparent and less costly public pension scheme.

 

Option 1: a universal basic pension scheme

• A universal basic pension scheme for the entire population would be based on residency requirements, provide a single flat-rate benefit and cover all of the Irish population, regardless of their life-time work or contribution status. It could be financed by taxes, contributions or a combination of the two.


• A basic pension scheme could be complemented with either mandatory private pension provision or auto-enrolment into to private pension schemes.  Participation could be targeted at workers above a certain income level as workers on low earnings would already be receiving a comparatively high replacement rate through the basic pension.


• The Household Benefit Package and Free Travel Scheme could either be transformed into a cash supplement and merged with the basic pension or it could be awarded to pensioners who need the extra benefit as a means-tested cash supplement.


• Setting the level of such a basic pension for all citizens in order to meet the twin goals of social adequacy and financial sustainability would require more detailed analysis, including the costing of alternative revenue scenarios.

 

Option 2: a single means-tested pension

• An alternative would be a single means-tested pension financed out of general revenue. The Household Benefit Package, the Free Travel Scheme, and other means-tested "advantages" would be included in the pension amount.


• The main design issues to be addressed under such a scheme would again be the appropriate level of the means-tested benefit, at what schedule the benefit should be withdrawn for higher earnings, what type of administrative arrangements would be needed and how much this scheme would cost under alternative scenarios.


• Combining the public and the private pension pillars, a means-tested scheme would function best in combination with mandatory participation in private pension plans. In a voluntary scheme, even with an auto-enrolment mechanism, there would be disincentives to contribute to a private pension, unless a certain amount of pension savings were exempted from the means-test for lower-earning groups.

 

Reform of the public service pension scheme

• At a minimum, a faster phase-in of the new rules of the occupational scheme for public servants should be considered; this would entail including existing public servants in the new scheme based either on a certain cut-off age or on length of service.


• Any new private pension scheme for private sector workers should also be extended to public servants, at a minimum for new entrants but ideally also for some of the existing public servants.

 

Policy options to expand private pensions coverage and retirement savings

• To increase adequacy of pensions in Ireland, there is a need to increase coverage in funded pensions. Increasing coverage can be achieved through (1) compulsion, (2) soft-compulsion, automatic enrolment, and/or (3) improving the existing financial incentives.


• Compulsion, according to international experience, is the less costly and most effective approach to increase coverage of private pensions (OECD Pensions Outlook, 2012, Chapter 4).


• Automatic enrolment is a second-best. Its success in increasing coverage depends on how it is designed and on its interaction with incentives in the system.


• The cost of establishing and managing auto-enrolment may be higher. Auto-enrolment requires monitoring, accurate record-keeping, fiscal incentives and careful design. Implementing a centralised institution to manage the system and provide default investment options would add to the costs.


• There is a misalignment to correct between the existing tax deferral structure in Ireland that provides higher incentives to high-income earners and the policy goal of increasing coverage, especially for middle to low-income people.


• International evidence (Germany, Australia, and New Zealand) suggests that flat subsidies and matching contributions increase incentives to save for retirement for middle to low incomes.


• Existing private schemes need to be subjected to the same rules as the new schemes under auto-enrolment or compulsion.

 

Improve the design of DC arrangements

• The design and institutional set-up of DC pension plans need to improve in line with the OECD Roadmap for the Good Design of DC Pension Plans.


• Establish appropriate default investment strategies, while also providing choice between investment options.


• Establish default life-cycle investment strategies as a default option to protect those close to retirement against extreme negative outcomes.


• Encourage annuitization as a protection against longevity risk. For example, a combination of programmed withdrawals with a deferred life annuity (e.g. starting payments at age 85) could be an appropriate default.


• While still keeping the principle of pension savings being ―locked away, the Irish Government could consider allowing withdrawals strictly only in the event of significant financial hardship.


• Specialised private institutions (e.g. pension funds, asset managers) should manage the assets. The establishment of an autonomous public option could be envisaged to provide competition, lower costs, and a default pension fund for those unable or unwilling to make investment or fund choices.

 

Enhancing benefit security in DB schemes

• Strengthen the Irish legislation regarding the protection of DB plan members when plans wind up. For example, healthy plan sponsors should not be allowed to ―walk away from DB plans unless assets cover 90% of pension liabilities. This funding requirement would introduce some type of guarantees for members and it would allow at the same time some degree of risk sharing. The funding ratio should be calculated following prudent standard actuarial valuations. Moreover, the priority currently given to pensioners before other members if a scheme closes because of sponsor bankruptcy should be eliminated.


• Further legal reforms may be needed to introduce more flexible DB plans that for instance allow for accrued benefits to be cut in case of underfunding (e.g. the Netherlands) and, more generally, for risks to be shared between plan members and pensioners, as well as plan sponsors.


• Establish a clear framework to facilitate domestic investment in infrastructure projects, but a general subsidy to all infrastructure projects should be avoided as it would distort capital allocation. It is clearly desirable that pension funds should help support economic growth in Ireland, but the objective should not be used as an excuse to impose low returns on pension fund members.


• Revise the new funding standards as they may create new risks for pensioners by offering strong incentive for pension funds to invest in Government bonds, in particular sovereign annuities.

Further comment and analysis to follow.

Meet our BOB!

ITC are delighted to announce the launch of our Buy Out Bond (BOB).

Our ITC BOB enables clients to take control of their existing employment related pension benefits and invest them in their own personally owned pension plan, to access at retirement.
 
 

It is not unusual for people to change employment many times during their career and a Buy Out Bond provides a vehicle for clients to manage their previous pension benefits and invest them in a way that suits their needs.

Our ITC BOB provides 4 key features:

• Control
• Transparency
• Flexibility
• Security

To find out more about  ITC’s BOB download our Brochure & Terms and Conditions.

 
 

 

For further information contact our team to discuss:

• Michael Keyes (01) 614 8045 / michael.keyes@independent-trustee.com
• Sean Mc Loughlin (01) 614 9220 / sean.mcloughlin@independent-trustee.com
• Martin Glennon (01) 603 5130 / martin.glennon@independent-trustee.com

www.independent-trustee.com

Fianna Fail Launches Pension Strategy Paper

The Fianna Fail pension strategy, launched today by Willie O’Dea, deals with several issues close to our heart:

1.       The funding requirements for DB schemes

2.       The priority order for DB schemes on wind up

3.       Early Access to Pensions and

4.       The issue of Pension Charges

As chair of the Pensions Committee of the IBA I have actively involved in communicating with politicians of all shades on the issues facing pensions. The paper launched by Willie O’Dea is testament to the fact that patient and consistent dialogue does have an impact.

The funding levels DB schemes have to met is set at artificially high levels due to:

1.       the historically low level of bond yields and

2.       the additional reserve requirement imposed by the current government

The Paper proposes that this be addressed by easing the funding requirements and allowing greater flexibility as to when and if annuities are purchased.

In relation to the priority order the Paper suggests that, once a certain level of pension has been guaranteed in priority to pensioners the balance should rank equally with other members of the scheme. This would address the big gap in benefit that can exist between members either side of retirement age.

The current early access regime is too restrictive (as it only applies to AVCS) and mean spirited (as it imposes an additional 41% tax on those in difficult financial circumstances). The solution proposed is to replace it with an option to take some or all of your tax free lump sum at any stage in your life. There is no loss of tax to government and the greater flexibility enhances the attractiveness of pensions and gives relief where it is due.

On pension charges the Paper proposes the development of a Total Expense Ratio so that fund manager costs can be more easily identified. Also greater transparency on other costs is advocated.

 

To view the full paper click here.

Written by Aidan McLoughlin

Independent Trustee Company

Managing Director

Where's the money going? Part Two

In my “Where’s the money going?” Blog (Feb 14th, 2013), I mentioned the growing area of the Advisor Portfolios or Advisor Propositions.

 

To explain some of the reasons for this growth, let me go back to that period between 2007 and 2009. At the time it was estimated that 70% of pension money was held in Managed funds. A well established, general one-size fits all approach with some add-ons attached over the years i.e. Consensus and Life-styling. The strength of the Managed fund was diversification.

 

 

As we know, there’s nothing like a health scare to get a client to question his/her protection benefits. And in the same way there’s nothing like a market crash to get a client to question what went wrong?

 

 

For me some of the big questions that came from the crash about Managed Funds were:

• Did clients believe that a fund manager could switch easily to other assets?
• Were clients aware of the restrictive parameters that were set for asset allocation?
• Were clients aware of peer pressure, with fund managers constrained by benchmarking?

 

In summary - Who was managing the risk?

 

 

The realisation of the constraints of a Managed Fund, were hitting home hard. There were very few clients who had the knowledge (or interest) of how a Managed Fund operates, but the impact to their funds got them to take notice. That notice came in the form of worry, panic, anger and accusation. Not a pleasant time for all involved.

 

The response from fund managers has been to develop and promote their absolute return or risk-managed funds. A promise to focus on the risk and not just the assets.

 

The growing response from Advisors, has been to take ownership of a clients asset allocation and risk management. The availability of platforms, index funds, ETFs, bank deposits, stockbroking accounts etc. has made it easier to offer a more involved and controlled strategy.

 

Advisors who have adopted this investment model believe that this offers a more collaborative approach with clients and promotes a better client relationship.

 

The growing number of Certified Financial Planner ™ professionals and the possible move by the Central Bank to a review similar to the UK’s Retail Distribution Review, are other contributors to ITC seeing an increase in the Advisor Portfolio/Proposition approach.

 

As you know, the ITC products offer the Advisor and their clients, the structures to have choice, transparency and control.

 

 

Martin Glennon

Corporate Account Manager

Independent Trustee Company